Effect of pipeline surface roughness on peak impact forces caused by hydrodynamic submarine mudflow

The effect of pipeline surface roughness on the interaction between submarine landslides and pipelines may not be insignificant has rarely been quantified. In this paper, a previously validated computational fluid dynamics model is employed to study suspended or laid-on-seabed pipelines, respectively, which are roughened in order quantify roughness. Here, four orders magnitude roughnesses chosen whereas mudflows (submarine landslides) occur at typical Reynolds numbers. primarily reflected peak load impact forces more sensitive high numbers suspension conditions. For with increase roughness, (i) lift force increases, (ii) drag decreases, (iii) Strouhal number slightly increases. Compared nearly smooth relative reduction 0.15 mm attain 62% 17%, respectively. Additionally, relevant mechanisms highlighted via contours pressure around pipeline, interfacial shear rate, as well squeeze hindrance seabed. Further, standard chart methodology considering estimate established, provides basis for risk assessment whole life cycle pipelines. • caused by interface contact explained. variation assessing flow-induced vibrations given. A established.